According to Buterin, Fusaka is not just another technical upgrade but a structural step in Ethereum’s multi-year scaling roadmap.
Fusaka introduces a new data model for Layer-2 rollups
PeerDAS changes how Ethereum nodes verify blob data published by rollups on the mainnet. Previously, each node had to download entire blobs to confirm data availability. This increased bandwidth and storage requirements and limited the amount of data the network could safely support under heavy load.
Vitalik noted on X (Twitter) that he had spent years warning Ethereum Foundation about the lack of expertise in peer-to-peer networking. He wrote: “For years, I’ve complained internally at the EF that we do not have enough expertise at p2p: we think a lot about cryptoeconomics, BFT consensus, and blocks, but we take the p2p networking layer for granted.” He later added: “I think that’s no longer true, and PeerDAS shows it.”
Under the new model, nodes sample only small fragments of blob data, collecting many samples from peers across the network. This allows the chain to verify full data availability without requiring any node to download everything. The approach reduces the operational burden on validators and removes major data bottlenecks that once restricted throughput.
As a result, Ethereum’s throughput grows dramatically. Fusaka supports more blobs per block and can increase network capacity by up to eight times compared to previous limits.
Layer-2 networks gain direct cost and speed benefits
PeerDAS reshapes Layer-2 economics. Data publication becomes cheaper, validators operate with lower overhead, and data verification moves faster across the network. These improvements significantly increase Layer-2 throughput and make user fees more affordable.
Rollups heavily depend on Ethereum’s blob space, which means PeerDAS directly influences transaction costs across the Layer-2 ecosystem. Improved verification boosts performance for users and reduces friction for developers who rely on predictable data channels. A key question now emerges: will lower Layer-2 costs drive higher on-chain activity during the next market cycle?
Ethereum becomes a “production-ready” network
PeerDAS is the first working shard component Ethereum has delivered since discussions began in 2017. The technology introduces data availability sampling into live production. It also establishes a roadmap for enhanced propagation speed, stronger network resilience and improved network-layer privacy.
Vitalik credited the engineering team, writing: “Raulvk.eth and others at EF have done heroic work both at making PeerDAS work so smoothly and at setting up a roadmap that increases propagation speed, resilience, and network-layer privacy at the same time.”
The update arrives amid competition from modular data availability networks such as Celestia and NEAR DA, as well as high-throughput chains like Solana. Fusaka strengthens Ethereum’s position by internalizing scalable data availability, which may reduce the appeal of external DA layers for rollups choosing where to anchor their systems.
Fusaka also raises the block gas limit and includes resource-management safeguards to ensure that increased throughput does not put validators at risk. PeerDAS now acts as a working infrastructure layer that turns long-standing theory into live network performance. It lays the foundation for cheaper Layer-2 transactions and a more resilient scaling ecosystem across Ethereum.